Herramientas Cuantitativas para el Análisis Político

# Herramientas Cuantitativas para el Análisis Político
## Maestría en Ciencia Política [CP44]
### 
### Universidad Torcuato Di Tella
### 02/11/2021

---

layout: true
  
<div class="my-footer"><span>Juan Pablo Ruiz Nicolini | @TuQmano | <a href="https://tuqmano.ar/">www.tuqmano.ar</a></span></div>

---

### Data Viz (III)

#### Distintas formas de representar información geográfica

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## Elegir el gráfico correcto para nuestros datos

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class: center

## Elegir el gráfico correcto para nuestros datos

FUENTE: https://www.data-to-viz.com/caveat/pie.html#

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## _Único caso útil para un gráfico de tortas_
<img src="figs/piramide.png" width="80%" />

### Tampoco para tanto

_A case for pie charts_ - [Fundamentals of Data Visualization, Claus Wilke](https://clauswilke.com/dataviz/visualizing-proportions.html#a-case-for-pie-charts)

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class:inverse

## El problema de los mapas coropléticos

### #Election2020

> **"_Trump loves this 2016 election map because it suggests the majority of the country supports him (...)_"** **([NYT](https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/10/30/opinion/election-results-maps.html))**

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## El problema de los mapas coropléticos

### ARGENTINA 2015

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## ARGENTINA 2015 ([repo](https://github.com/TuQmano/votemapARG/))

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## Alternativas de visualización _geo_

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## Mapa Coroplético

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## Cartogramas

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## _Tilemaps_

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## _Faceted tilemaps_

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## Tilegrams

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## Limitaciones varias

* Visualizar una variable / valor por unidad geográfica

* Solo hace uso del color para codificación visual (dificultad para calcular diferencias)

* Sesgo a favor de grandes unidades geográficas

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background-image: url(https://hafen.github.io/geofacet/reference/figures/logo.png)
background-position: 95% 5%
background-size: 10%

# Grillas como (si fueran) mapas

[<i class="fas  fa-link "></i>`{geofacet}`](https://ryanhafen.com/blog/geofacet/)

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# Ventajas de `{geofacet}`

[<i class="fas  fa-link "></i> _Voto Popular_ vs _Colegio Electoral_](https://github.com/TuQmano/popular_vote)

* se pueden graficar múltiples variables para cada unidad geográfica

* se pueden aplicar otros esquemas de codificación visual más allá del color

* cada unidad geográfica tiene asignada la misma proporción espacial

---

background-image: url(https://hafen.github.io/geofacet/reference/figures/logo.png)
background-position: 95% 5%
background-size: 10%

# [Grillas colaborativas](https://github.com/hafen/geofacet/issues/102)

### [`geofacet::grid_design()`](https://hafen.github.io/grid-designer/#data=)

```r
library(geofacet)
grid_preview(argentina_grid2)
```

(Comunas [_gist_](https://gist.githubusercontent.com/TuQmano/2fb70e11c6500176427bb3b60604b79d/raw/ebe2889269d403dd05ab1db9e6ad624fa02a6e63/comunas.csv))

---

background-image: url(https://github.com/electorArg/geofaceteAR/blob/master/hex/ggplot2.png?raw=true)
background-position: 95% 5%
background-size: 10%

# Las grillas de Argentina

.pull-left[
### **LatinR 2018** - [Abstract](https://github.com/TuQmano/geofacet_ARG/blob/master/.LatinR/Geofaceting_Argentina_RuizNicolini.pdf)

#### [📊 Slides](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327382101_Geofaceting_Argentina_LatinR_2018)

#### [📦 {geofaceteAR}](https://electorarg.github.io/geofaceteAR/)

#### [⌨️ blogpost](https://www.tuqmano.com/2020/05/22/empaquetar/)
]

<img src="clase8_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-16-1.png" width="504" style="display: block; margin: auto auto auto 0;" />
]

---

background-image: url(https://github.com/PoliticaArgentina/geoAr/raw/main/man/figures/logo.png)
background-position: 95% 2%
background-size: 15%

# `geofacetAr` en `{geoAr}`

## `get_grid()`

```r
(tucuman <- geoAr::get_grid(district = "TUCUMAN"))
##    name_provincia            name row col code
## 1         TUCUMAN       BURRUYACU   1   4  013
## 2         TUCUMAN         CAPITAL   2   4  001
## 3         TUCUMAN     CHICLIGASTA   4   2  005
## 4         TUCUMAN       CRUZ ALTA   2   5  012
## 5         TUCUMAN        FAMAILLA   3   3  003
## 6         TUCUMAN        GRANEROS   5   4  009
## 7         TUCUMAN JUAN B. ALBERDI   5   3  007
## 8         TUCUMAN        LA COCHA   6   3  008
## 9         TUCUMAN          LEALES   3   5  011
## 10        TUCUMAN           LULES   3   4  002
## 11        TUCUMAN        MONTEROS   3   2  004
## 12        TUCUMAN       RIO CHICO   4   3  006
## 13        TUCUMAN          SIMOCA   4   4  010
## 14        TUCUMAN  TAFI DEL VALLE   2   1  017
## 15        TUCUMAN      TAFI VIEJO   2   2  016
## 16        TUCUMAN         TRANCAS   1   3  014
## 17        TUCUMAN     YERBA BUENA   2   3  015
```

---

background-image: url(https://github.com/PoliticaArgentina/geoAr/raw/main/man/figures/logo.png)
background-position: 95% 2%
background-size: 15%

# `geofacetAr` en `{geoAr}`

```r
geofacet::grid_preview(tucuman)
```

---

background-image: url(https://github.com/PoliticaArgentina/geoAr/raw/main/man/figures/logo.png)
background-position: 95% 2%
background-size: 15%

# `geofacetAr` en `{geoAr}`

## `recode_grid()`

```r
tucuman %>% 
  recode_grid(type = "indec") %>% 
geofacet::grid_preview()
```

---

background-image: url(https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Leaflet_logo.svg/1200px-Leaflet_logo.svg.png)
background-position: 95% 5%
background-size: 20%

### Mapas interactivos

[<i class="fas  fa-link "></i>`{leaflet}`](https://rstudio.github.io/leaflet/)

<div id="htmlwidget-24afb8940946f3bf6872" style="width:100%;height:504px;" class="leaflet html-widget"></div>
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---

### Mapas interactivos

[<i class="fas  fa-link "></i>`{leaflet}`](https://rstudio.github.io/leaflet/)

```r
library(geoAr)
*library(leaflet)
# tucson <- polAr::get_geo("TUCUMAN)
 leaflet(tucson) %>% 
    #Dibuja Polygons
* addPolygons() %>%
   #Agrega fondo
* addProviderTiles(providers$Stamen.Toner)
```

---

background-image: url(https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Leaflet_logo.svg/1200px-Leaflet_logo.svg.png)
background-position: 95% 5%
background-size: 20%

### Dónde deberiamos estar ahora?

```r
leaflet() %>% 
*   #Dibuja MARCADOR
* addMarkers(lng = -58.4469439, -34.5480059) %>%
   #Agrega fondo
  addProviderTiles(providers$OpenStreetMap)  
```

<div id="htmlwidget-cdb19e6af72a16207073" style="width:100%;height:65%;" class="leaflet html-widget"></div>
<script type="application/json" data-for="htmlwidget-cdb19e6af72a16207073">{"x":{"options":{"crs":{"crsClass":"L.CRS.EPSG3857","code":null,"proj4def":null,"projectedBounds":null,"options":{}}},"calls":[{"method":"addMarkers","args":[-34.5480059,-58.4469439,null,null,null,{"interactive":true,"draggable":false,"keyboard":true,"title":"","alt":"","zIndexOffset":0,"opacity":1,"riseOnHover":false,"riseOffset":250},null,null,null,null,null,{"interactive":false,"permanent":false,"direction":"auto","opacity":1,"offset":[0,0],"textsize":"10px","textOnly":false,"className":"","sticky":true},null]},{"method":"addProviderTiles","args":["OpenStreetMap",null,null,{"errorTileUrl":"","noWrap":false,"detectRetina":false}]}],"limits":{"lat":[-34.5480059,-34.5480059],"lng":[-58.4469439,-58.4469439]}},"evals":[],"jsHooks":[]}</script>

---

background-image: url(https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Leaflet_logo.svg/1200px-Leaflet_logo.svg.png)
background-position: 95% 5%
background-size: 20%

### Dónde deberiamos estar ahora?

```r
leaflet() %>% 
    #Dibuja MARCADOR 
  addMarkers(lng = -58.4469439, -34.5480059) %>%  
*  #Agrega fondo con otro TILE
* addProviderTiles(providers$Stamen.Watercolor)
```

<div id="htmlwidget-7361d75703ebb0db3d98" style="width:100%;height:65%;" class="leaflet html-widget"></div>
<script type="application/json" data-for="htmlwidget-7361d75703ebb0db3d98">{"x":{"options":{"crs":{"crsClass":"L.CRS.EPSG3857","code":null,"proj4def":null,"projectedBounds":null,"options":{}}},"calls":[{"method":"addMarkers","args":[-34.5480059,-58.4469439,null,null,null,{"interactive":true,"draggable":false,"keyboard":true,"title":"","alt":"","zIndexOffset":0,"opacity":1,"riseOnHover":false,"riseOffset":250},null,null,null,null,null,{"interactive":false,"permanent":false,"direction":"auto","opacity":1,"offset":[0,0],"textsize":"10px","textOnly":false,"className":"","sticky":true},null]},{"method":"addProviderTiles","args":["Stamen.Watercolor",null,null,{"errorTileUrl":"","noWrap":false,"detectRetina":false}]}],"limits":{"lat":[-34.5480059,-34.5480059],"lng":[-58.4469439,-58.4469439]}},"evals":[],"jsHooks":[]}</script>

---

background-image: url(https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Leaflet_logo.svg/1200px-Leaflet_logo.svg.png)
background-position: 95% 5%
background-size: 20%

### Capa de fondo disponible en `{geoAr}`

```r
leaflet() %>% 
    #Dibuja MARCADOR 
  addMarkers(lng = -58.4469439, -34.5480059) %>%  
*  #Agrega fondo con otro TILE
* geoAr::addArgTiles()
```

<div id="htmlwidget-3902207dae65163b7eda" style="width:100%;height:65%;" class="leaflet html-widget"></div>
<script type="application/json" data-for="htmlwidget-3902207dae65163b7eda">{"x":{"options":{"crs":{"crsClass":"L.CRS.EPSG3857","code":null,"proj4def":null,"projectedBounds":null,"options":{}}},"calls":[{"method":"addMarkers","args":[-34.5480059,-58.4469439,null,null,null,{"interactive":true,"draggable":false,"keyboard":true,"title":"","alt":"","zIndexOffset":0,"opacity":1,"riseOnHover":false,"riseOffset":250},null,null,null,null,null,{"interactive":false,"permanent":false,"direction":"auto","opacity":1,"offset":[0,0],"textsize":"10px","textOnly":false,"className":"","sticky":true},null]},{"method":"addTiles","args":["https://wms.ign.gob.ar/geoserver/gwc/service/tms/1.0.0/mapabase_gris@EPSG%3A3857@png/{z}/{x}/{-y}.png",null,null,{"minZoom":0,"maxZoom":18,"tileSize":256,"subdomains":"abc","errorTileUrl":"","tms":false,"noWrap":false,"zoomOffset":0,"zoomReverse":false,"opacity":1,"zIndex":1,"detectRetina":false}]}],"limits":{"lat":[-34.5480059,-34.5480059],"lng":[-58.4469439,-58.4469439]}},"evals":[],"jsHooks":[]}</script>